nH2= 0,35(mol)

a) PTHH: Mg +  2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

x_________2x_______x______x(mol)

PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

y________2y________y_____y(mol)

Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)

a)

Gọi 

\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)

\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)

Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2

Vậy : 

\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)

b)

Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng :

\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)

Sửa đề: đktc → đkc

a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: 24n_Mg + 56n_Fe = 13,2 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ m _{muối khan} = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)

a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

                \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (2)

b) Dựa vào đề, ta thấy chắc chắn HCl dư

Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi số mol của Fe là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)

Gọi số mol của Mg là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)

Ta lập được hệ phương trình:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=56\cdot0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=24\cdot0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{8}\cdot100\%=70\%\\\%m_{Mg}=30\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=22,2\left(g\right)\)

d) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=\dfrac{500\cdot16\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{160}{73}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{654}{365}\cdot36,5=65,4\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=507,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx1,87\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{65,4}{507,6}\cdot100\%\approx12,88\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2

a..............................a(mol)

Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2

b............................b(mol)

=>nCu=3,2/64=0,05mol

=>%mCu=(3,2.100%)/11,2=28,6%

\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=11,2-3,2\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>mMg=24.0,1=2,4g=>%Mg=(2,4.100%)/11,2=21,4%

=>%Fe=100%-21,4%-28,6%=50%

b, MgCl2+2NaOH->Mg(OH)2+2NaCL

FeCl2+2NaOH->Fe(OH)2+2NaCl

=>m(kết tủa)=mMg(OH)2+mFe(OH)2

=0,1(58+90)=14,8g

a) mCu= m(k tan)= 3,2(g)

=> m(Mg, Fe)= 11,2- 3,2=8(g)

nH2= 4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)

PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a______________2a__a______a(mol)

Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

b____2b_____b_____b(mol)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> %mMg= (2,4/11,2).100=21,429%

%mFe= (5,6/11,2).100=50%

=>%mCu= (3,2/11,2).100=28,571%

b/ MgCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + 2 NaCl

0,1___________________0,1(mol)

FeCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Fe(OH)2 +2 NaCl

0,1__________________0,1(mol)

m(kt)=mMg(OH)2 + mFe(OH)2= 58.0,1+ 90.0,1= 14,8(g)

a)

\(2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ b)\\ n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 27a + 56b =16,6(1)\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)\ ;\ m_{Fe} = 0,2.56 = 11,2(gam)\)

- Xét TN2:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H₂O --> 2NaAlO₂ + 3H₂

            0,2<--------------------------------0,3

=> m_Al = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)

- Xét TN1:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

           0,2------------------->0,3

             Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

          0,15<------------------0,15

=> m_Mg = 0,15.24 = 3,6 (g)

Bài 3 : 

a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$

b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$

Bài 4 : 

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%  = 60,87\%$

$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}=  1,25(lít)$

3a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100=27,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-27,28=72,73\%\)

b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{13,2-3,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

Mg + 2H2SO4 → MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

\(m_{muối}=0,15.160+0,15.120=42\left(g\right)\)